Editorial note: Biographical profile. Current offices and ongoing legal matters, where relevant, should be checked immediately before publication.
At a glance
| Life | 21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007 |
|---|---|
| Principal roles | Chairperson of PPP; Prime Minister, 1988–1990 and 1993–1996; opposition leader. |
Overview
Benazir Bhutto became the first woman to head an elected government in a Muslim-majority country and led PPP through military rule, two federal governments, opposition and exile.
Political career
After Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s removal and execution, Benazir became a leading symbol of opposition to General Zia-ul-Haq. PPP emerged as the largest party in 1988, enabling her first premiership. She returned to office after the 1993 election. Both governments were dismissed before completing their terms.
Record and criticism
Her supporters emphasize democratic resistance, women’s representation and a pluralist international outlook. Critics cite governance problems and corruption allegations associated with her governments and family; such claims require precise attribution and attention to case outcomes.
Political legacy
Benazir returned to Pakistan in October 2007 during a transition from Musharraf’s rule. She was assassinated after a rally in Rawalpindi on 27 December. Her death reshaped the 2008 election and remains a defining event in Pakistan’s political history.
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 22 July 2026. If you spot an error, please use our corrections process.